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Much of the infrastructure of Iraq was destroyed during the 2003 invasion. After June 28, 2004, Iraq-led governments were established and efforts were made to repair damaged Iraq’s water supply systems, electricity production, hospitals and buildings.

Much reconstruction work in local communities has been done by the Iraqi people using the resources they had. International assistance was a main topic of the Madrid Conference on Reconstruction held in Spain in October, 2003 with the attendance of 25 nations. The funds assembled there were primarily used to assist large-scale projects.

Some successes have been reached, but there are also new problems. The most serious are the lack of security, corruption, insufficient funding and not enough coordination between international agencies and local communities.